Search for	Example	Results
A single word	`cat`	Topics that contain the word "cat". You will also find its grammatical variations, such as "cats".
A phrase. You can specify that the search results contain a specific phrase.	`"cat food"` (quotation marks)	Topics that contain the literal phrase "cat food" and all its grammatical variations. Without the quotation marks, the query is equivalent to specifying an OR operator, which finds topics with one of the individual words instead of the phrase.

Search for	Operator	Example
Two or more words in the same topic	`AND` `and` `+` (plus symbol) `&` (ampersand)	`cat AND dog` `"cat food"+milk` `"cat food"&"dog food"`
Either word in a topic	`OR` `or` `\|` (pipe)	`cat OR dog` `cat \| dog`
Topics that do not contain a specific word or phrase	`NOT` `not` `!` (exclamation point)	`NOT cat` `! dog`
Topics that contain one string and do not contain another	`^` (caret)	`cat ^ mouse`
A combination of search types	`( )` parentheses	`cat + (dog \| mouse)` `cat \| dog + (! mouse)`

Service Management2017.11

Administer > System security > What are PEM files?

What are PEM files?

Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) files are a type of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) file used for keys and certificates. PEM, initially invented to make e-mail secure, is now an Internet security standard. ITSMA Service Management uses OpenSSL libraries to encrypt and decrypt SOAP messages over HTTP and requires certificates and keys in PEM format. The typical PEM files are:

key.pem contains the private encryption key
cert.pem contains certificate information

Because it is a standard, any PKI implementation can use .pem files as a repository for keys or certificates. OpenSSL supports a variety of standard formats in addition to .pem, including Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER) and X.509. OpenSSL has several utility functions that can convert these formats.

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